Body Map

Discovering Your Pregnancy Journey: Understanding Body Changes

Pregnancy is a time of incredible transformation, and your body is designed to adapt in amazing ways to support your growing baby. From your head to your toes, each part of your body plays a role in this extraordinary journey. Our interactive body map allows you to explore the changes happening in different areas of your body. Click on any part of the map to learn about the unique shifts, symptoms, and sensations you might experience as your pregnancy progresses. Whether you're curious about hormonal changes, physical adjustments, or how to care for yourself, this guide is here to support you every step of the way.

Lungs

Comprehensive Guide to Pregnancy-Related Conditions and Advice

Pregnancy induces numerous physiological changes across various organ systems to support foetal development. While many of these changes are normal, some may increase the risk of specific conditions. Below is a detailed overview of potential issues affecting the brain, heart, lungs, intestines, spleen, reproductive organs, stomach, liver, and bladder during pregnancy, along with practical advice for managing them.

1. Brain

Common Conditions:

Pre-eclampsia: A pregnancy complication characterised by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and potential damage to other organs, such as the liver and kidneys. It usually develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It can cause severe headaches and facial swelling.
Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH): High blood pressure that develops during pregnancy and can increase the risk of stroke or other complications.
Headaches and Migraines: Hormonal fluctuations can trigger headaches or migraines, sometimes exacerbated by stress, dehydration, or inadequate nutrition.
Cognitive Changes ("Pregnancy Brain"): Some women experience memory lapses and difficulty concentrating due to hormonal shifts and sleep disturbances.

Advice:

Regular Blood Pressure Monitoring: Attend all antenatal appointments for blood pressure checks and urine tests to detect early signs of pre-eclampsia.
Recognise Warning Signs: Symptoms such as severe headaches, vision disturbances (blurred vision, flashing lights), swelling in the hands and face, and upper right abdominal pain should prompt immediate medical attention.
Hydration and Nutrition: Drink plenty of water and maintain a balanced diet rich in magnesium and omega-3 fatty acids, which can help reduce headache frequency.
Safe Pain Management: Paracetamol is generally safe, but always consult your midwife or GP before taking any medication during pregnancy.
Improve Cognitive Function: Maintain a routine, get adequate sleep, and engage in brain-stimulating activities such as reading and puzzles.

2. Heart

Common Conditions:

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM): A rare form of heart failure that can occur in the last trimester or postpartum, leading to shortness of breath and swelling.
Heart Palpitations: Increased blood volume can make the heart work harder, sometimes causing palpitations.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Pregnancy increases the risk of blood clots, which can travel to the lungs and cause pulmonary embolism.
Varicose Veins: Increased blood volume and hormonal changes can cause swelling in the veins, often in the legs.

Advice:

Routine Check-ups: Regular heart monitoring for high-risk women with underlying cardiovascular issues.
Warning Signs: Seek urgent medical attention for chest pain, dizziness, fainting, or persistent palpitations.
DVT Prevention: Look out for a painful swollen calf. Stay active, wear compression stockings if recommended, and avoid prolonged sitting or standing.
Healthy Lifestyle: A diet rich in potassium and magnesium (bananas, leafy greens, nuts) supports heart function.
Leg Elevation and Compression: If varicose veins develop, elevate legs when resting and consider maternity support stockings.

3. Lungs

Common Conditions:

Shortness of Breath: The growing uterus presses against the diaphragm, reducing lung expansion.
Asthma Worsening: Pre-existing asthma may be exacerbated by hormonal changes.
Pulmonary Embolism: A potentially life-threatening condition where a blood clot lodges in the lungs.
Increased Risk of Respiratory Infections: Pregnancy weakens the immune system, making respiratory infections more common.

Advice:

Improve Breathing Efficiency: Maintain good posture and use deep breathing techniques.
Monitor Asthma Symptoms: Continue prescribed asthma medications and discuss any worsening symptoms with your doctor.
Seek Urgent Care for Severe Breathlessness: If you experience sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, or coughing up blood, seek emergency medical help immediately.
Vaccination: Ensure you receive the flu jab and COVID-19 vaccinations to reduce the risk of respiratory infections.

4. Intestines

Common Conditions:

Constipation: Hormonal shifts during pregnancy slow down the digestive system, often leading to constipation. This is further exacerbated by iron supplements and reduced physical activity.
Haemorrhoids: The added pressure from the growing baby can cause veins in the rectal area to swell, resulting in painful haemorrhoids, particularly in the third trimester.

Advice:

Eat Fibre-Rich Foods: Incorporate plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes into your diet to promote regular bowel movements.
Drink Plenty of Fluids: Aim for 8 to 10 glasses of water daily. Proper hydration supports digestion and eases constipation.
Stay Physically Active: Gentle activities like walking or prenatal yoga can keep your digestive system moving.
Manage Haemorrhoids Gently: Use cold compresses, sitz baths, and avoid straining during bowel movements. Speak to your healthcare provider about safe topical treatments.

5. Spleen

Common Considerations:

Spleen Sensitivity in Underlying Conditions: While the spleen does not typically undergo major changes during pregnancy, women with pre-existing conditions like thalassaemia or infections may experience spleen-related complications.

Advice:

Routine Blood Monitoring: Ensure regular blood tests are carried out to monitor for signs of anaemia or infection.
Support Overall Health: Maintain a diet rich in iron, folate, and vitamin B12 to support red blood cell health and spleen function.
Report Symptoms Promptly: Pain or tenderness in the upper left abdomen should be reported to your GP or midwife immediately.

6. Reproductive Organs

Common Conditions:

Ectopic Pregnancy: A serious condition where the fertilised egg implants outside the womb, typically in a fallopian tube. This is a medical emergency and can be life-threatening if untreated.
Placenta Praevia: A condition where the placenta lies low in the uterus and covers part or all of the cervix. This can cause bleeding and may require delivery by caesarean section.

Advice:

Attend Early Ultrasound Appointments: These help identify problems like ectopic pregnancy or placenta praevia early, allowing for appropriate monitoring and planning.
Know the Warning Signs: Sharp pelvic pain, shoulder pain, heavy bleeding, or feeling faint should prompt urgent medical attention.
Follow Medical Advice Closely: In cases of placenta praevia, you may be advised to limit physical activity or plan for an early delivery.

7. Stomach

Common Conditions:

Morning Sickness and Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Nausea and vomiting are common, especially in the first trimester. Severe cases (hyperemesis gravidarum) can lead to dehydration and weight loss.
Acid Reflux and Heartburn: The relaxing of stomach valves and pressure from the uterus can lead to acid travelling back up the oesophagus.
Food Cravings and Aversions: Changes in taste and smell sensitivity can cause unusual food preferences or strong aversions.

Advice:

Manage Nausea Naturally: Try eating small, frequent meals. Foods like ginger biscuits or dry toast can help settle your stomach.
Stay Hydrated: Sip water regularly, and consider electrolyte drinks if vomiting is frequent.
Reduce Heartburn: Avoid spicy, fatty, and acidic foods. Elevate your head during sleep and eat meals at least two hours before lying down.
Speak Up: If symptoms are severe or persistent, your GP or midwife can prescribe pregnancy-safe medications

8. Liver

Common Conditions:

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP): A liver disorder that affects the flow of bile. It causes intense itching, especially on the hands and feet.
Raised Liver Enzymes: Some pregnant women may experience changes in liver function, which require monitoring.

Advice:

Monitor for Itching: Persistent itching without a rash, especially at night, should be reported. It could be a sign of ICP.
Routine Blood Tests: Your midwife or GP may order liver function tests and bile acid levels to assess liver health.
Follow Treatment Plans: Medication and increased monitoring may be recommended to protect both mother and baby.

9. Bladder

Common Conditions:

Frequent Urination: Hormonal changes and the pressure of the uterus on the bladder often lead to frequent bathroom visits.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Pregnant women are at higher risk for UTIs due to changes in the urinary tract.

Advice:

Stay Well Hydrated: Drinking water helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract and supports overall kidney function.
Maintain Hygiene: Wipe from front to back, urinate after intercourse, and wear breathable cotton underwear.
Recognise Signs of Infection: Painful urination, a strong urge to urinate, or cloudy urine may indicate a UTI and should be assessed promptly. UTIs left untreated can lead to kidney infections or complications.

10. Pancreas

Common Conditions:

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): A form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy when the body cannot produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. It typically appears in the second or third trimester.

Advice:

Attend Glucose Screening: Routine screening is usually done between 24 and 28 weeks. If you're at higher risk, you may be tested earlier.
Manage Blood Sugar: Eating balanced meals with controlled carbohydrates, regular exercise, and sometimes medication or insulin can help keep blood sugar levels stable.
Monitor Baby’s Growth: Gestational diabetes can lead to a larger baby, so additional scans may be needed.
Postnatal Care: Blood sugar levels usually return to normal after birth, but follow-up testing is important as GDM increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

11. Kidneys

Common Conditions:

Increased Kidney Workload: Pregnancy increases blood volume, which leads to more work for the kidneys. This is usually harmless but needs monitoring.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): If not treated promptly, a UTI can lead to a kidney infection (pyelonephritis), which is more serious in pregnancy.
Proteinuria: The presence of protein in urine can be an early sign of pre-eclampsia.

Advice:

Regular Urine Tests: These are carried out at antenatal appointments to check for protein or signs of infection.
Hydration is Key: Drinking enough water helps support kidney function and prevents infections.
Know the Signs of Kidney Infection: Symptoms like back pain, fever, chills, and nausea should be assessed immediately.
Follow Treatment Advice: If antibiotics are prescribed for a UTI, always complete the full course even if symptoms improve.

A Final Word of Encouragement

Pregnancy is more than a series of medical milestones—it's a deeply personal and life-changing chapter. As your body adapts and grows to nurture new life, it's natural to experience both wonder and worry. Embrace the changes with kindness towards yourself, and know that seeking help or asking questions is a strength, not a weakness.

Surround yourself with support—whether it's your midwife, GP, partner, family, or friends. Trust your instincts, take time to rest, nourish yourself well, and celebrate the little moments along the way. Your wellbeing is just as important as your baby’s.

If you're ever in doubt or need guidance, don't hesitate to reach out. You're not alone on this journey.

For further support and reliable information, visit the NHS website or speak to your maternity care team—they’re here to help you every step of the way.